The general hypothesis is that skintoskin contact in the kmc group will build up a positive perception in the mothers and a state of readiness to detect and respond to infants cues. Kmc is a powerful and easy to use method to promote the health and wellbeing of. Kmc provides the newborn low birth weight or preterm baby with the benefits of incubator care. Kangaroo mother care 1 kangaroo mother care 2 kangaroo mother care. Kangaroo mother care is a simple method of care for low birth weight infants that include early and prolonged skintoskin contact with the mother or a substitute caregiver and. To be eligible, published work had to be based on primary data collection regarding barriers or enablers of kmc implementation from the family perspective. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in. Components of kangaroo mother care the two components of kmc are. The idea of nursing an infant skintoskinagainst the mothers bare breasts is not new kmc consists of four components. They include skintoskin positioning of a baby on the mothers chest. Kangaroo mother care or skintoskin care, is a simple, easy method of caring for newborn infants where the mother uses her own body temperature to keep her infant warm. The first component is early and continuous skintoskin contact between the mother and her infant. Although kmc is a key intervention package in newborn health initiatives, there is limited systematic information available on the barriers to kmc practice that mothers and other stakeholders face while practicing kmc.
Newborn care programme division ghana health service. Also known as skintoskin contact or kangaroo mother care, kangaroo care involves direct contact when a newborn is placed skintoskin on mom or dads bare chest. Plotting of hospitals according to score 15 figure 7. Components of kangaroo mother care 2338 words cram. After stating the organization of the paper the first section will provide the definition, history, and components of kmc. It has shown to decrease mortality and morbidity in. The provision of inexpensive antenatal corticosteroids and antibiotics is estimated to reduce the risk of breathing difficulties in premature babies, saving around 370,000 lives a year who, 2012. Kangaroo mother care, importance of kmc, guidelines for kmc. Map with distribution of facilities visited 11 figure 5. Kmc consists of three components prolonged skin to skin contact. The provision of inexpensive antenatal corticosteroids and antibiotics is estimated to reduce the risk of breathing difficulties in premature babies, saving around 370,000. All 211 studies 71% with kmc definitions included ssc as a component. Definition, history, and components of kangaroo mother care kmc universe of developmental care udc components of. The last component of kangaroo mother care is early infant discharge from the hospital.
Kangaroo mother care was not defined in 88 studies 29%. Kangaroo mother care kmc has been proposed as an alternative to conventional neonatal care of low birthweight infants. The method has been proven by research to improve neonatal mortality rates and is one of the key components of the doh administrative order on essential newborn care. Improving survival of infants with low birthweight cared for outside hospitals.
The major component of kmc is skintoskin contact between mother and newborn. The kmc is an easy method which can be practised by all mothers with proper education from health workers. The components of the kangaroo mother care kmc intervention, their rational bases, and their current uses in low, middle, and highincome countries are described. The infant is placed on her mothers chest between the breasts. The kangaroo mother care position where in the baby is held against the mothers chest on skin to skin contact provides all the basic requirements for newborn survival. Studies published between january 1, 1960 and august 19, 2015 were included. Kangaroo care is a form of developmental care that has benefits for all newborns, especially those who are in the neonatal intensive care unit. Even though time to initiating breastfeeding has been examined by randomized controlled trials, varying findings have been reported. Kangaroo mother care introduction and components 1 kangaroo mother care introduction and components 2 what is kangaroo mother care. The four components of kangaroo mother care are all essential for ensuring the best care options, especially for low birth weight babies.
The components elements of kmc kangaroo position skintoskin on the mothers chest secured with a wrap kangaroo nutrition exclusive breastfeeding whenever possible kangaroo discharge mother continues kmc practice at home after discharge kangaroo support health care staff provide support to the mother to take care of her infant in the. The literature search has been divided in different categories to present the effects of kangaroo mother care kmc. There are proven interventions that can transform inpatient care for small and sick newborns, including kangaroo mother care kmc. Dan oloo, communication specialist, unicef kenya, 2017. The other two components of kmc are frequent and exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and attempted early discharge from hospital. The literature search was done on two search engines. Kangaroo mother care is a generic definition of a model of newborn care4, composed of a number of components or elements as described above, and each of those elements have a range possible applications. Kmc comprises several components, including skintoskin contact between a mother and her newborn kangaroo position, exclusive breastfeeding kangaroo nutrition and early discharge from hospital kangaroo discharge. The included studies revealed that kangaroo mother care is a complex intervention with several possible components skintoskin contact, breastfeeding, early. The babies who benefit from kmc are well small babies, particularly the preterm or lbw who needs his initial care in a special newborn unit.
How kangaroo mother care has improved newborn health. Effect of communityinitiated kangaroo mother care on survival of infants with low birthweight. Physicians typically initiate the contact immediately after birth or after any major health complications related to low birth weight have been resolved. Just as the name suggests, this happens when the new mother leaves the hospital for home. Pubmed and science direct will be use of key terms kangaroo mother. Kmc, or kangaroo mother care, is a method of caring for an infant where the mother nurses her infant against her bare breasts. Within minutes of giving birth, a midwife works quickly to prepare jennys new born son for kangaroo mother care kmc. Kangaroo mother care a key component of early newborn care. Evidence suggests that kangaroo mother care is a safe and effective alternative to conventional neonatal care, especially in underresourced settings and may reduce morbidity and mortality in lbw infants as well as increase breastfeeding. Kangaroo mother care is care of preterm infants carried skintoskin with the mother. The major components are skin to skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6months. Kangaroo mother care the embryo project encyclopedia.
Scaling up of kmc facilities in malawi by year figure 6. Kangaroo care was initially practised for low birth weight and preterm or premature babies, but this technique is beneficial for all infants as it provides the necessities like mothers warmth, protection and breast. The effects of kangaroo mother care on the time to. Skintoskin contact early, continuous and prolonged skintoskin contact between the mother and her baby is the basic component of kmc. Providing essential newborn care for preterm and low birth weight babies routinely assessing the baby and mother. It is the most feasible and preferred intervention for decreasing neonatal morbidity and mortality. Facilitators guide for training on kangaroo mother care. Planning and organizing what skills will be acquired. It is not one intervention, but a complex strategy. Onehundred fortyeight studies 50% included ssc only. The four components of kangaroo mother care are all essential for ensuring the best care options, especially for low birthweight babies. Exclusive breastfeeding the baby on kmc is breastfed exclusively.
Kangaroo mother care originally referred only to care of low birth weight and preterm infants, and is defined as a care strategy including three main components. Barriers and enablers of health system adoption of. Kangaroo mother care kmc is an effective, evidencebased intervention to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, and the health system plays an essential role in the scale up and adoption of kmc. The infant, who usually only wears a woollen cap and a nappy, is kept upright, often with a towel, piece of cloth or binder. This module on kangaroo mother care is designed to. A supportive environment is crucial for these three pillars to achieve the intended results. Kangaroo mother care is a comprehensive intervention given for all newborns especially for premature and low birthweight infants. Barriers and enablers of kangaroo mother care practice. The individual components of kmc varied across studies table 2. Kangaroo mother care kmc standard of care for preterm and lbw newborns kangaroo mother care kmc is an extremely important, wellestablished, evidencebased method of providing the needed extra care that small babies preterm and low birth weight need.
The first two components of kangaroo mother care, skintoskin contact and breastfeeding, directly affect the ability to achieve the third, which is early discharge from the hospital. Kangaroo mother care kmc is an alternative intervention for hypothermia among preterm infants by, keeping the baby close to the mothers skin. Ppt kangaroo mother care introduction and components. Healthcare workers hcws and health facilities face unique barriers to implementing kmc, especially in areas of social support, leadership buyin. The components of the kangaroo mother care kmc intervention, their rational bases, and their current uses in low. Early, continuous and prolonged skintoskin contact between the mother and the.
Transforming care for every small and sick newborn. Kangaroo mother care kmc is particularly useful for nursing low birth weight infants infants with a birth weight below 2500 g. Kangaroo mother care kmc4 is a strategy created and developed by a team of pediatricians in the maternal and child institute in bogota, colombia. According to the 2003 who guidelines, kangaroo mother care has three main components. Kangaroo mother care, as expressed through its three components. Based on the general bonding hypothesis, it is suggested that kangaroo mother care kmc creates a climate in the family whereby parents become prone to sensitive caregiving. Kangaroo mother care is needed to provide care and protection to the newborn baby, so that the baby may heal and grow naturally. It is a powerful, easytouse method to promote the health and wellbeing of infants born preterm as well as fullterm. Kangaroo mother care kmc is an evidencebased approach to reducing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Kangaroo discharge is the last component of kangaroo mother care. They include skin to skin positioning of a baby on the mothers chest.